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Religions Of History And Education. |
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(i) Hebrew old testament (1000-150) BC.
Identified brotherhood, truth and justice as the supreme ideals, the monastic
doctrines and ethical teaching developed by the prophet. Most and others have
philosophical and educational foundations of Judaism and Christianity.
(ii) Religions of East
The main religions which established great civilization in the East were Taoism
and confuciousism in china, Hinduism in India and Shintoism and Buddhism in
Japan.
Taoism advised the mystical view of life and to accept and adjust to the laws of
Nature.
Confucius died not preach positively on lies of Taoism. They believe that
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basically man is good and he/she essentially need a good kind of education to
develop his or her inner enlightenment. Shintoism is the improved form of
Buddhism in which writing was added and by adding this concept it became the
state religion of Japan. Buddhism aims at the peaceful aspect of life.
Keeping individual away from all negativities of world. It aims at purification
of soul “Narvan”. It believes on goodness of character.
In the Indian sub-continent Hinduism presented the ancient concept of education.
Their religious works are divided into five categories.
(i) The Vedas
(ii) The Brahmanas
(iii) The Mahabharata
(iv) Upanishad
Roman civilization
Roman civilization was concerned with political education. They preached
patriotism and sincerity to state. So, they were having a massage of democracy.
Their strong political system was their real contribution in concept of
education.
Greek civilization
It was divided into old Greek and New Greek period.
Old Greek period was further divided into; Homeric and Historic period the
Homeric period dealing the literature of ancient Greek poet Homer who was the
writer of first tragedy and Epic. Historic is divided into two parts.
(i) Spartans Period and Education
(ii) Athens Period and Education
Sparta was a slave state of Athens the capital. Spartan education was aiming at
security of state. Only physical education and power of endurance were the ideal
of Spartan education. The concept of women education was not there. Their
children were dropped from the certain height. In this case if they survived,
they were considered as good for state. A then was capital city of Greece the
city of ruling class. Their children remain with their mothers in early age.
They get both physical as well as education of humanities and logic.New Greek
period was the period of
(i) Socrates
(ii) Plato
(iii) Aristotle
This period was the period of two RS; reading and Writing. It brought the
concept of individual development, equality and political development. Socrates,
gave a “dialectic Method of teaching”. Plato made a school called as “Lyceum”
and wrote two books “republic” and “Law”. They were on literature, education,
philosophy and polities he gave the concept of idealism in education. Aristotle
was a realist and gave his theories on art, literature drama, language, teaching
science and philosophy. |
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