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Political Instability in Pakistan

Adnan Khan — Sun, 05 Sep 2010 04:43:22 +0000

The territorial issues and border conflicts with India, the socio-economic differences within the country, the struggle for a share of power between the provinces and the early death of the founder of Pakistan Mohammad Ali Jinnah, are some of those realities which not only politicized the policy making elites and their willingness in introducing the fair democratic procedures but also encouraged the non-democratic elements including the army. Even after 63 years, as a corollary, the country could not get cleaned from feudal, tribal, punchayt system and sectarian segregation. In this grim situation the public has been left untutored in the kind of vigilance usually needed to hold political leaders accountable.
Pakistan failed to establish a stable democratic government due to constitutional conflict. Due to political instability, Pakistan’s economic and social growth has been curtailed.
The root cause of Pakistan political woes lies in its feudal and the winner-take-all approach to governing that has been practiced by successive civilian and military leaders. The Muslim League that brought independence to Pakistan, lacked internal democracy. Once partition and statehood had been achieved, provincial and local political parties confined Muslim League just a paper-party. There were no opposition party to counter Muslim League initially, but latter on, Muslim league itself was disappeared. Coupled with the political legacy of Muslim League, the civil and military bureaucracy, that was of much importance due to its scarce number, gained so much power that they depressed the political institution. The constitution-less 10 years-history from 1947 to 1956-was an ill exercise of the political actors, which invoked the military to interfere in the politics.
Absence of a complete constitution, allowed the peoples with power to manipulate the political and constitutional institution, as they wanted. Different powerful civil and military bureaucrats played blasphemy of constitution, parliament and political parties.
Political parties in Pakistan are not working fairly. The intra-party election is no to be seen. The leaders, consequently, are autocrats. Political parties are famous in the name of leader of the parties. Personification has harmed extremely the true essence of democracy.
The third pitter of the state, the judiciary has also dual strategies all over the history. Mostly the role of the judiciary has been vulnerable. It has always provided a so-called legal way to the dictators to assume the power. The constitution has been abrogated many a time with the help of the judiciary. Beside the judiciary and Army’s role in politics, the intelligence agencies have become a major actor on the national political scene. Military intelligence and Inter-Services-Intelligence (ISI) are widely believed to have had a major hand in shaping the candidates and the choices available to voters at least since General Zia’s general election of 1985. In these situation how a true democratic government would be formed to realized the dreams of the great Quaid?
In addition to all above given anti-democracy factors, the dynamic structure of the state is also not in the favour of democratic values to be flourished. For most of its history Pakistan has been divided into provinces drawn basically on ethnic lines. Political loyalties and attitude have a strong ethnic dimension to them, and the central government’s desires to manage Pakistan’s ethnic diversity can have a major impact on resource allocation foreign policy decision, and the game of politics.
Another elements which has vitiated the democracy in Pakistan is violance in politics. The patience require for a democratic system is highly tacking in almost all the parties and theirs drivers. Democracy accommodate the presence of dissent party. Democracy is the product of wishes of the people and not of the desires of an elite few. But political prayer of Pakistan could not do so.
Illiterate voters, family ties a among politicians and feudalism has constrained democracy in Pakistan.
Democracy can be revived in Pakistan by taking following steps.
1.   Reform the judiciary
2.   Creation of an independent election commission
3.   Internal party elections
4.   Strengthen the free press
5.   Division of provinces
6.   Don’t neglect provincial and local government
7.   Implementation of the constitutions
8.   Continuity of fair elections
9.   Protection of minorities and civil liberties
The nation political parties should embrace a new spirit of co-operation and constructive opposition, moving beyond out dated confrontational and self-defeating street action and walk-outs and boycott politics to engage in vigorous political debates free of violence.

Why US should not stay in Afghanistan

Mohsin Ali — Fri, 06 Aug 2010 17:36:03 +0000

“We will quite the war of choice in Iraq”, said Mr. Obama in his presidential election campaign, “but we will concentrate to win the war of need on Afghanistan”. During a few past months, US officials and Mr. President are assuring the milieu to evacuate the afghan war field before 2010 by starting the departure in the early 2011.
NATO forces are fighting a war on terror against the few armed and majority of innocent general public in Afghanistan by slicing a heavy cut from budget of their respective countries.
The budget deficit of America was about to equal the total annual expense of US troops in Afghanistan. After the inception of financial crisis in 2008, US and her allies are planning to quite the Afghan war. Most of the rebuilding projects have been handed over to profit—driver private corporations. The restructuring of Afghan national Army is also under process. But the process much slower the consequences of this Afghanistan war are mounting as the US shreds it alliance with Pakistan and goads of Pashtoons into defending themselves for the past seven years the US has known loosely where Osama bin Laden and AL-Qaida maybe. So far, it has spent 7 years, nearly $ 200 billion over 500 American lives, 150 allied lives and a good piece of its reputation on an as yet unsuccessful effort to bring them down.
”When the scrawny-Afghan security forces have been beefed up to the level at which they can keep the peace without help, US troops will leave the Afghanistan”, said Pentagon.
Stephen Biddle recently returned from a trip to Afghanistan at the invitation of Army General David Mc Kiernan, the top us commander. Biddle estimates that Afghanistan needs about 500,000 soldiers and police, US troops presenting Afghanistan, thus, are not enough to win the fight and US can not afford more troops to send to Afghanistan. US, there force should leave Afghanistan.
A redacted section of US General McChrystal’s report claimed that to gain any sway over the insurgency we would need 500,000 troops and another 5 years. More worryingly, the presence of foreign forces are the single most important factor in the resurgence of the Taliban and strengthens the hand of Taliban recruiters, a reality corroborated by an Independent Carnegie Institute report early this year.
There are many substitutes to war in Afghanistan, including dialogue and non Violent conflict resolution, a “Book not Bombs” approach and the involvement of more Muslim countries something that neocons will no doubt balk at as it will increase the influence of Muslims in the region.
Regardless of which approach is ultimately taken, it is worth nothing that the worst possible solution is to attempt to bomb the Taliban back to the stone ages. They already live in stone ages.
If the US and its allies need to find a way to bring home their troops while leaving behind a modicum of security, they may find themselves forced to settle for something less than a happy end.

Why US Supports Israel

Mohsin Ali — Thu, 29 Jul 2010 08:47:13 +0000

A nation with separate- identified religion, having more than any other nation’s prophets, was country less before the August of 1949. Nazis, during and before the world war II, torched, massacred, and even burnt alive in the specially tailor-made Iron Cabins. The remaining – a few – Jews dispersed around the globe started together under a great conspiracy against the people of Palestine. USA, the winner of the Second World War, helped the Jews to lay the foundations of the greater Israel. Palestine and suburbs, according to the Jews beliefs, are the inherited areas of the Jewish old sacred-empire. They, therefore, should clutch their property of religious importance back from the occupied. USA and the Great Britain tried their best to get the Jewish dream realized. Thus USA played a vital role in assisting the Jews to get their home back. America helped the newly established; Israel in the complex task of absorbing and assimilating masses of immigrants from the USSR, Ethiopia, the Arabian countries and Europe, in a short period of time President Harry S. Truman donated $ 135 million to newly born Israel in order to bear the preliminary expenses of the state and the establishing cost of the immigrants. The US support for Israel has been continuously increasing horizontally as well as vertically since early 1950s. Memorandum of understanding between the two states was signed in 1981 followed by a Free Trade Agreement proposed by Israel. USA was the foremost country which signed the Free Trade Agreement in 1985. FTA was the cornerstone of the evergreen relationship between two states. US, even in 1989, helped Israel to absorb about one million Jews immigrants. US-Israel-Joint Economic Development Group is on other financial tie under which Israel received $ 9 billion from US in 2003. There are many corporate exchange pacts between the two. Israel is the only country which has more listed companies at NASDAQ than any other country after the North Atlantic Countries.
But the pinching question is that what is the reason behind such coherence among the policies and the powerful relations between US and Israel? Why US supports Israel? Why US sides with Israel? Yes it is the Jews community working, living and controlling the big chunk of the USA economy; the Senate, the legislative assembly and all the critical post are filled either by the Jews or the satellite persons of the Jewish lobby. All the key political, social, religious and economic meetings and organizations are under the great influence of the Jews. It, then, is much logical that why USA support Israel, even say yes to her illegal and evolutionary deeds. The propaganda for the greater Israel is commonly propagated by the Jews and the Roman Catholic Christens. Their shared- goal is to evacuate the land of Solomon by exiling the Muslim residents from the delta of Nile and all adjacent areas which today are under the control of Muslim states. The only party which is against the Jews is, of Protestants. Otherwise the Goliath of US is under the thumb of economic tycoons of the Jewish servicemen. Muslims and Islam is the common enemy of both USA and Israel. Israel is sharing borders with Islamic states, USA, therefore supports her ally to nip the enemies as she can. For this purpose US provides all sorts of help-political, economical defense material (weapons) – to Israel to cope with the Muslims. The Israel – Lebanon war of 2006 and other incursion over neighboring states are vivid examples of the friendship between US and Israel.
US allotted Arrow Ballistic Missile technology to Israel. ABM is the most recent missile technology yet.

Despite of many ups and down the US- Israel relationship is exemplary and it seems to be the same in the future. USA also supports every act of Israel in United Nations Organization. She has used maximum number of Vetoes in favor of Israel. These supportive acts of USA give a free hand to this “illegitimate child of America” to do whatever it wants to suppress the Palestinians and other neighboring Muslim countries.

Oldest American Presidents: USA or United States Of America Top Ten 10

Jibran Jamshed — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 14:36:08 +0000

The history of United States started in 1787 with the signing of first American constitution. The first president of United States was George Washington. U.S history has seen 44 presidents till 2010 and out of this list four died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Warren G. Harding, and Franklin D. Roosevelt), one resigned (Richard Nixon), and four were assassinated (Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley, and John F. Kennedy). The list of top ten oldest presidents has been compiled in thei webpage.

	Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911– June 5, 2004) was the oldest president of United States of America. When he was elected as President in 1980 he was 69 years old. As 40^th President of U.S.A he served from 1980 to 1989 for two terms. He was among the most popular and uncontroversial Presidents of United States Of America.
	William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773 – April 4, 1841) was not only the second oldest Presidents of U.S.A but also he had shortest tenure as President in the history of United Sates. He was elected as 9^th President of U.S.A at the age of 68 years on 4^th March 1841 and died (due to cold desease) only after 31 days on 4^th April 1841.
	James Buchanan, Jr. (April 23, 1791 – June 1, 1868) was elected as President of U.S.A in 1857 when he was 66 years old and remained in the office till 1861. Uptill now he is the only President from the state of Pennsylvania. American Civil War was started in his tenure and due to ineffecient efforts towards war he lost his popularity. He was the third oldest president after Ronald Reagan and William Harrison.
	George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) was the 41^st President of U.S.A and he became the President at the age of 65. He ramained in the office from 1989 to 1993. He is famous for first Iraq war and his son G.W. Bush was elected as the 43^rd President of U.S.A in 2000.
	Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) became the 12^th President of U.S.A in 1849 at the age of 65. He was American Military Leader and served in U.S Army for 40 years. This brave Military Leader was also known as “Old Rough and Ready” and played key role in Compromise of 1850. In 1850 he died only after 16 months of his Presidential term. It was suspected that he was poisened with arsenic but nothing was proved in this regard.
	Dwight David “Ike” Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was the Supreme Commander of Allied Forces during World War 2. He was among the oldest Presidents in the histroy of U.S.A because he was 63 years old when he became the President of U.S.A. This Five Star General of U.S.A Army remained the President of U.S.A. till 1961.
	Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was the founder of modern Democratic Party. He became the President of U.S.A at the age of 62 years in 1829. This 7^th President of U.S.A was a tough leader and also served in American Army. His views were liberal as well as conservative and he was against slavery.
	John Adams, (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was one of the founding fathers of U.S.A and he was also the first Vice President of U.S.A. (1789 – 1797). When he became the 2^nd President of U.S.A. in 1797 he was 62 years old. During the American War of Independence he played very important role along with George Washington.
	Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr (July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006) became 38^th President of U.S.A in 1974. He was 61 years of age when he became the President. G.R. Ford was the only President of U.S.A who was neither elected as Vice President or President because he became the Vice President under 25^th Amendment of U.S. Constitution and became President when Richard Nixon resigned.
	Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) remained the President of U.S.A from 1945 to 1953. He was the 33^rd President of U.S.A. and also one of the oldest Presidents of country because he was 61 years old when he entered in the White House as a President. He is considered as one of the greatest U.S. Presidents because he reconstructed the econmy of U.S.A after the destruction of World War 2.

Pakistani Women: Best Political, Human Rights And Social Workers

Jibran Jamshed — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 16:43:30 +0000

Before and after the independence of the country, various political, literaty, educational and scholaristic ladies played an important role in the country. In Pakistan, following ladies got the aspiration of their work for the betterment of the country and the nation. Among these ladies, Benazir Bhutto is the one which got the premiership and became the first female prime minister of Pakistan.

	Fatima Jinnah 30, 1893 — July 8, 1967 Mather-e-Millat (Mother of Nation) is the most famous and noncontroversial lady in the history of Pakistan. As a younger sister of Quaid-e-Azam she played very important role in the Pakistan Movement. She was also famous for her struggle against Ayub Khan in Presidential election of 1965. Mohtarma also contributed in the Pakistan movement with her brother-Quaid-e-Azam.
	Benazir Bhutto (21 June 1953 – 27 December 2007 She is the most celebrated political figure in history of Pakistani Politics. She was the first female Prime Minister of Pakistan and re-elected for the post of Prime Minister of Paksitan in 1993. She won United Nation Prize in field of Human Rights in year 2007 and same year on 27 December she was assasinated in Liaquat Bag Rawalpindi. Benazir wrote a book on her life which is named as “Daughter Of Pakistan”.
	Begum Rana Liaquat Ali Kha-1905 – June 13, 1990 She was the first Muslim women Governer and first muslim women delegate to UN , she was marreid with Liaquat Ali Khan in 1932. She was also the Frist Mulsim woman to won UN award for Human Rights in 1970. This brilliant lady played very important role in Pakistan Movement and after creation of Pakistan she worked hard for the welfare and betterment of the women of Pakistan.
	Syeda Abida Hussain She is the most experienced female politician of Paksitan. Syeda belongs to PPP and served many times as Minister in different Governments. She also served as Ambassadar of Pakistan to United States. Her husband is a famous politicain named as Fakher Imam. She is active member of SHIA community in Pakistan.
	Fahmida Mirza She is not only the first woman Speaker of National Assembly of Pakistan but also the first Muslim woman Speaker in National Assembly in the Mulsim World. She belongs to SINDH (Hyderabad) and doctor by profession. She belongs to PPP and intersting thing about her is that by face she resembles with Benazir Bhutto.
	Bano Qudsia A popular literary figure in Pakistan. She is the most celebrated writer of urdu literature. Mostly, she is famous in darama writing for TV and Radio. Auther of many books among which Raja Gidh is best seller in Pakistan, Bano is a prolific “Afsana” writer. She born in 1928 and married with famous writer Ashfaq Ahmad. She is still the best female writer in Pakistan.
	Begum Nasim Wali Khan: She is famous political leader of NWFP, one of the smallest province of Pakistan. She married with Khan Abdul Wali Khan in 1954 and since then she is an active politician. She is step mother of Asfand Wali Khan. She belongs to Awami National Party (ANP). Begum Jee also served as President of ANP and Parliamentary leader in provincial assembly of NWFP.
	Asma Jahingir is a prominent Human Right Activist and lawyer who born in 1952. She won many awards for her work in the field of Human Rights and faced many threats because of his social work. She also serverd as UN special Reporter for Human Rights in Pakistan. Owner of a linient personality, Asma is very for her demeanour.
	Nigar Ahmad is very active social worker and works for the Aurut Foundation (a women rights organization in Pakistan). She completed her Masters degree from Punjab University and completed higher studied in Cambridge University. She is also a scholar of common wealth. She is helping the women of Pakistan in all matters through her pen and actions.
	Parveen Shakir November 24, 1952 – December 26, 1994 She is prominent poet of Pakistan and her work in literature and poetry awarded her Pride of Performance Award which is most prestigious award of Pakistan. Her first volume of poetry named “Khushbo” in 1976 was a great success. The element of Romanticism is very prominent in her poetry. Unfortunately she died in car accident in 1994.

India Pakistan Relations History

Iram Saleemi — Sun, 17 Jan 2010 09:24:25 +0000

History of India and Pakistan Relation.
Born out from the furnace of animosity, India and Pakistan, the twin brothers have a history of unique relations. There is much in common between Republic of India and Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The diplomatic relations developed soon after independence but these relations did not ensure good friendship. The blaming process started soon after the inception of Pakistan when during the world’s biggest mass migration both states were unable to provide security to minorities. At that time there were 680 princely states and their future was to be decided according to their own will. Junagadh and Kashmir are two of these states which are still a bone of contention between India and Pakistan. Junagadh was composed of 88% Hindu Majority with a Muslim ruler named Nawab Mahabat Khan. The ruler voted for Pakistan but India did not accept it on the plea of heavy Hindu majority. The other reason projected by India was that the state of Junagadh was encircled by Indian state and giving it to Pakistan would contradict the two nation theory. The stand of Pakistan was on the basis of the Muslim ruler and the maritime link of Pakistan with junagadh coastal line.
One the other hand, the ruler of Kashmir, Hair Singh, wanted to join India but the majority of Muslim population was in the favour of Pakistan. Maharaja Hair Singh made a “stand still agreement” with the Government of Pakistan. However, the rumoures spread in Pakistan that Mahraja Hari Singh was going to accede with India. The forces of Pakistan invaded in Kashmir in 1947 and Hari Singh asked India for help. Indian Armed forces violating the provision of their constitution entered into the jurisdiction of Kashmir. In 1957, Pakistan acquired Azad Kashmir and India captured state of Jammu and Kashmir. Both of these parts are being held by the same countries which occupied these states forcefully.

In 1965 India launched operation Meghdoot and captured 80% of Siachen Glacier. 1971 was a black year in the history of Pakistan as she lost its eastern wing as India intervened to favour Bengali people and seized the Qasim part. 90, 000 Pakistani soliders surrendered in Bangladesh. In July 1972 P.M India Gandhi and PM Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto met in Indian Hill station of Simla and signed an agreement to return 90, 000 Pak personnel, and that India would get its captured territory in the west. They also agreed that from then on, they would settle their disputes through peaceful bilateral negotiations. Eventually, the trade relation restarted in 1976 but the Afghan crisis of 1979 again disrupted the peaceful process started in 1976.
Pakistan supported Taliban and India favoured Soviet Union. India was also worried about US military aid to Pakistan, Pakistan’s purchase of arms from us and the advancement in her nuclear programme. The change in leadership brought a new era of relation between the two rivals. In Dec 1988 Benazir Bhutto Shaheed and Rajiv Gandhi resumed talks on different issues melding cultured exchange, civil aviation and not to attack each other nuclear facilities. At that time BB said.

“Burry the Hatchet; we have had enough of it. Let’s start a new chapter. India has a new generation leadership. Rajiv & I belong to a new generation. We have some kinship. He father was assassinated and so was my father. He lost his brother and so have I we both can start from clean state.”

In 1997, high level talks were resumed after 3 years. Prime Minister of India and Pakistan met twice and foreign secretaries conducted 3 rounds of talks in which they identified 8 outstanding issues to focuss. These 8 issues were

Kashmir issue
Water crisis
Sir creek issue
Rann of kutch
MFN status
Siachen issue
State sponsored issue
Nuclear Deterrence

In September 1997 the talks broke down on structural issue where as in May 1998 the situation became harder because of nuclear experiment conducted by Pakistan. The environment further became deplorable when Indian Air lines Flight IC 814 was hijacked in 24 Dec 1999. The plan landed in Lahore for refuelling but the final destination was Kandhar, Afghanistan. Rivalry increased when attack was conducted on Indian parliament on Dec 2001. India blamed Jash-e-Mohammad for that act. The Samjhota express carnage of 18th February 2007 added fuel to fire. The series of blaming each other started again where as Pakistan tried to project cordial relations.
In Nov, 2008, a series of ten co-ordinated attacks were committed by terrorist which began across Mumbai which is the Indian financial capital and the largest city. The attack was started on 26 November 2008 and ended on 29 November 2008. In these attacks 173 people were killed including 35 foreigner where as 38 were wounded. India blamed Lashkar-e-Taiba and gave evidences that weapon, candy wrappers, telephone sets and branded milk Packets used by the terrorists belonged to Pakistan. But it was also found that the terrorist were drunk as the Lashkar-e-Taiba elements did not drink, and were speaking Hyderabadi language. Additionally, Hermant Kurkure was the first man to be murdered in that attack. He was the man who was on the hit list of Indian Dons because he arrested General Parohit, who was the master mind of Samjhota Carnage. Another reason was that Obama Discussed to solve Kashmir issue to bring stability in the South Asian region. This attack was done to divert his attention. The lok sbha election could not be ignored as the current government needed the Pakistan card to flame the sentiments of Indian masses.
In spite of this deteriorated situation Pakistan did not give up to create friendly atmosphere. Currently, the government of India is not that much brutal. Recently Indian minister of state for external affairs said they were not worried about Pakistan purchasing of armaments but if these weapons will be used against India, they were ready to fight. In addition, Pakistan nukes were unsafe.
Bit recently the statement of Indian Army Chief Gen Deepak Kapoor regarding his army’s capacity to fight on two fronts, upset a lots of people in Pakistan. This also shows that there is a conflict of interest between Indian army and Indian Government.
India and Pakistan must work jointly to coeate a peaceful atmosphere. Sharing a long border with common geographic importance can increase to their worth if the joint venture is adopted

Political Party Of Pakistan, Top Ten 10 Best Or Largest Parties

Mohsin Ali — Fri, 15 Jan 2010 14:56:33 +0000

Pakistan has a lots of political parties with different ideology. Their are religious, social, democratic or liberal political parties in Pakistan. Pakistan faces political uncertainties because shedoes not have strong two-party system. America and Great Britain is the perfect example of two-party system. This system strengthens the democratic norms in the country.

	Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians (PPPP); Founded by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians (PPPP) is the only socialist party in Pakistan. PPP is the largest or biggest political party in Pakistan. It was founded in 1967 in the wake of Bhutto’s quital from Ayub Government. Now, PPP is the most popular party in Pakistan as declared by the Pakistani populace in 2008 general elections. It won 87 seats in national assembly.
	PML-N (Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz Group); Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz Sharif Group)is the second largest party according to the seats won in national assembly in 2008 elections. PML was the founding party Pakistan. But the recent party is the successor of Pakistan Muslim League and it got the alphabet N in 1993 for its leader-Nawaz Sharif. It is becoming more and more popular in 2009 and 2010.
	PML_Q, Pakistan Muslim League (Quaid-e-Azam) Pakistan Muslim League (Quaid-e-Azam)was founded prior to 2002 elections by General Pervaiz Musharraf. In 2008 elections PML-Q was subsided to normal position as the main political parties came in contest. It won only 38 seats in National Assembly. PML-Q is losing its support quickly as some of its members established their own party with the name of PML-F (Forward Group). Also one of its members-Sheikh Rashid- established his own party with the name of Awami League.
	MQM (Muttahidda Quomi Movement); MQM(Muttahidda Quomi Movement) is a liberal Karachi based political party founded in 1984. It is the successor of All Pakistan Muhajir Student Organization which was set up by Altaf Hussain in 1978. It is still run by Altaf Hussain who has settled himself in U.K. MQM is one of the most objectionable political party in the country because of its fascist political moves.
	ANP; ANP is the acronym for Awami National Party. The party belongs to N.W.F.P and it enjoys strong support in pakhtoon area. ANP was set up in 1986 and Asfandyar Wali Khan is the current leader of the party. The ideology of this political organization is based on socialism and Pashtun Nationalism.
	PML-F; PML-F stands for Pakistan Muslim League forward group. It is a recently invented version of Muslim League. It is comprised of those members of Muslim League-Q which withdrew their support after the defeat of Q league in 2008 elections. This group is expected to merge in Muslim League-N very soon.
	BNP (Balochistan National Party); BNP is the largest nationalist party in Balochistan. It is active since 1996. Ataullah Mengal is the current chairman of BNP. The political ideology of BNP is based on Baloch Nationalism and Progressivism.
	PTI (Tehrik-e-Insaf Pakistan) PTIis the political party which was established by a retired cricketer of Pakistan on 25 April,1996. “Justice, Humanity and Self Esteem” is the slogan of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf. The ideology of PTI is Islamic Democracy. Imran Khan boycotted the elections of 2008 therefore he could not win any seat in national assembly.
	Awami League; Awami League is newly founded political party of Sheikh Rashid of Rawalpindi. Previously, Sheikh Rashid was the member of different political parties in Pakistan but after 2008 elections he founded his own political party with the name of Awami League.
	Jamat-e-Islami JIis a religious party of Pakistan which was founded by Syed Abdul A’la Maududi in 1941. The party believes in Islamic ideology. Recently the leader of this party is Syed Munawar Hassan. It was a part of now-defunct MMA (Mutahidda Majlis-e-Amal).