Author Archive for Mohsin Ali

The Richest Countries Of Asia With Highest GDP

The top ten 10 countries with highest GDP are enlisted here. These nations are the richest or wealthiest in Asia with respect to Gross Domestic Product. (more…)

Highest Literacy Rate: Most Educated Countries of the World

Education is the most important sector in any country. The performance of any country can be assessed by the literacy rate of that country. The countries which have highest number of educated people, are the most advanced states in the world. These nations spend a lots of money on educational sector. Let us see the list of names of those countries which have highest educated people in the world till 2010. (more…)

World’s Most Expensive Or Costly Films Evermade By Hollywood

Hollywood is the best and largest movie industry in the world. It is situated in America and it has produced thousands of mega movies. According to a recent study the most expensive movies ever made on the planet earth, have been filmed in Hollywood. Here is the list of top ten 10 most expensive movies made in Hollywood till 2010.

	Pirates of the Caribbean: At world’s End. The Film was released in 2007 and it is the current record holder for being the most expensive film ever made with a total production cost of $300 million. It earned slightly less than its predecessor with a gross revenue of under $1 billion. It is the most expensive or costly movie in the world.
	Spider man 3:- The spider man – 3 grossed nearly $900 million. This film is the third sequel of the original spider man movies series. The total production cost for this movie was $258 million, so it was amongst the second most expensive movie of Hollywood.
	Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince: This movie was released in 2009 and it was the highest grossing movie for the year of 2009. The total production cost for this movie was $250 million. This movie was the 6th part of the Harry Potter series. So, it can be ranked as the third most costly movie in the world.
	Avatar:- Avatar was released in late 2009 and it has been an IMDB rating of 8.8 by the users. The total production cost of this movie was $ 237 million. This great movie was the highest grossing films of the year 2009. It is the fourth most expensive movie of Hollywood.
	The chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian: This movie was released in 2008. This is a sequel to the first Narnia movie but this movie was not as successful as the previous Narnia movie. The total production cost of this movie was $ 225 million so it is the fifth most expensive movie ever made.
	Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man’s Chest:- This is a 2006 American adventure film of the pirates of the Caribbean series, the sequel to the 2003 film pirates of the Caribbean. It is the sixth most expensive film evermade. The total production cost for making this movie was $ 225 million.
	X-man: The Last Stand It was a very successful movie and it was released in 2006. This movie is the second sequel of the movie “X-Man”, and it is the seventh most expensive film evermade. The total production cost for this movie was $ 210 million.
	Superman returns:- This movie was also a sequel of the previous superman and it was very successful movie. It was released in the year 2006 and the role of superman became very popular in the world. The total production cost of this movie was $ 209 million.
	King Kong:- It is the ninth most expensive movie evermade. It was released in 2005 and total production cost for this movie was $207 million. It won the Academy Award for Best visual Effects, sound editing and sound mixing.
	Titanic:- Titanic is a 1997 American disaster/romantic/drama film directed, written and produced by James Cameron. It is the tenth most expensive film evermade costing approximately $200 million with funding from paramount pictures and 20th century fox. It was released on July 2, 1997.

Poorest Countries Of the World, Poorest Nations By GDP Per Capita

Out of seven continents of the world, Africa is the poorest continent in the world. Except from Solomons, all the top ten poorest countries of the world are from Africa. Congo is the poorest nation of the world as well as the poorest of Africa. The second poorest country of the world is Zimbabwe, it is also the second poorest state of African continent accroding to Gross Domestic Product. Liberia is the third poorest on earth, according to GDP per capita income given by CIA.gov. Check out the list of top ten 10 poorest countries in the world. (more…)

Most Populous Or Populated Countries Of Asia Continent

Asia is the largest continent in the world according to area and population. Almost 3,879,000,000 people are living in this part of the world. There are 53 nations in Asia and China is the largest country in Asia according to population and area. While India is the second largest country in Asia according to population. Indonesia is the third biggest nation in Asia w.r.t population and Pakistan is the fourth most  populated country in Asia. We have learnt that Bangladesh is the fifth most populous country in Asia also Japan is on the number sixth spot. Here is the list of names of top ten 10 states with highest population in Asia in 2010. (more…)

Biggest Countries: Largest Countries In Asia By Area

Asia is the biggest or largest continent in the world. There are 47 countries in Asia. Out of these 47 China is the largest country be area. Whereas India is the second largest and Kazakhstan is the third biggest country in Asia. A large part of Russia is included in Asia but it is also situated in Europe, for this reason it is not included in Asian continent otherwise Russia would be the largest country or state in Asia. The total area of Russia is 17,075,400 sq. km. Other top ten 10 largest nations of Asia are given here. (more…)

Agriculture Problems in Pakistan And Their Solutions

Economy of every state depends on three sectors i.e agriculture, industry and commerce. These three are interrelated with each other as the progress or retrogress of one sector effects the other two. Pakistan is an agricultural state thus agriculture gains are of much importance than any other sector. Importance of this sector is manifold as it feeds people, provides raw material for industry and is a base for foreign trade. Foreign exchange earned from merchandise exports is 45% of total exports of Pakistan. It contributes 26% of GDP and 52% of the total populace is getting its livelihood from it. 67.5% people are living in the rural ares of Pakistan and are directly involved in it. There are two crops in Pakistan ie Rabi & Kharif.

Crop      |     Sowing season    |     Harvesting season
Kharif    |    April – June         |      Oct – Dec
Rabi       |    Oct – Dec               |       April – May

Major crops of Pakistan are wheat, rice, maize, cotton and sugar cane. These major crops contributed 7.7%  last year against the set target of 4.5%. Minor crops are canola, onions, mangoes and pulses which contributed 3.6% as there was no virus attack last year. Fishery and Forestry contributes 16.6% and 8.8% respectively.
Though the agricultural sector is facing problems in Pakistan yet the major chunk of money comes from this sector. Following are the major causes of agricultural problems in Pakistan which disturb the agricultural growth or development in Pakistan.
Firstly,No mechanism has been adopted to eradicate the soil erosion and even after harvesting nothing is done to improve or restore the soil energy. Therefore, the fertility of soil is decreasing day by day. The thickness of fertile layer of soil in Pakistan is more than 6 inches but the average yield is lower than other countries where layer of fertile soil is only 4 inches.
Secondly, water wastage is very high in our country. The archaic method of flood irrigation is still in practice in whole of the country which wastes almost 50 to 60 percent of water. A new irrigation system called drip irrigation system has been introduced in many parts of the world. This not only saves water but also gives proper quantity of water according to the needs of plants.
Thirdly,owing old methods of cultivation and harvesting, Pakistan has low yield per acre that means the average crop in Pakistan is just 1/4th of that of advance states. Where as Nepal, India and Bangladesh are using modern  scientific methods to increase their yield per acre. For this purpose, these states are using modern machines to improve their yield. 
Fourthly, the small farmers are increasing in our country as the lands are dividing generation by generation. So, there are large number of farmers who own only 4 acres of land. These small farmers do not get credit facilities to purchase seeds, pesticides, fertilizers etc. Additionally, a large area of land is owned by feudals and the farmers who work on their lands, are just tenants. This uncertain situation of occupancy neither creates incentive of work nor does attract capital investment.
Fifthly,water logging and salinity is increasing day by day. No effective measures have been taken to curb it. As the storage capacity of the dams is decreasing so the water availability per acre is also decreasing. Therefore, the farmers are installing more and more tube wells to irrigate their crops. This is why salinity is becoming the major issue in most parts of Punjab and Sindh.
Sixthly,focusing more on land, crops and yield problems the man behind the plough is always ignored. While formulating the 5 or 10 years plan, no emphasize has been laid on the importance of solving the problems of farmers. Most of the farmers are illiterate, poor and ignorant. In this wake the loans issued by ADBP or other banks are used by them in other fields like repayment of debts, marriage of daughters etc, in spite of its befitting use in agricultural sector.
Lastly, The only mean of communication in rural areas is T.V or radio so it is urgently needed on the part of these mass communication resources to air the programmes related to the new agricultural techniques and allied sciences. But these programmes should be telecast in regional or local languages. Because lack of guidance is the main reason of farmers backwardness. The communication gap between well qualified experts and simple farmers have not been bridged. Availability of these experts is not ensured in rural areas as they are reluctant to go there.
Pakistan is rich in fertile land yet the land is being wasted in different ways. 79.6% million hectors of land is culturable where as only 20.43% million hectors is cultivated. The reason can be described in two points.

1. A major area is owned by feudals. It is difficult to manage such a huge area so only that part is cultivated which is easy to manage, the rest is left ignored.
2. The rise of industrialization has given threat to this sector. People are migrating to cities and cities are expanding, thus new towns and colonies are constructed on fertile lands.

The irrigation system of Pakistan needs improvement as about 67% of the land is irrigated with canals.
Apart form these issues the monopoly of Foreign Big Wigs and false policies of government cannot be ignored.
Monopoly Of Foreign Companies:The pesticides companies are sorting partnership with “World Bank”. These companies are selling adulterated but expensive pesticides to a poor farmer thus leaving him helpless. These pesticides are not only hazardous for health but also a filling the pockets of companies. By moving according to world bank these companies are gaining their own aims. Moreover there is a conflict of interests. It is not ensured that either the company conduc

ting agreement is basically trying to get access to international market or just working according to their aims.
91% of genetically engineered (GE) seeds is made and owned by one US Company called Monsanto. The vast majority of consumers around the world are against GE foods and crop as GE has been associated with health risks, loss of biodiversity, increased use of toxic weed killers and other environmental problems. 85% of GE crops are concentrated in just 3 countries i-e United States, Argentina and Canada. Globally G.E crops cover less than one percent of arable land. Farmer around the world have experienced problems with Monsanto’s BT cotton.    Researchers from Cornell University reported that Chinese GM cotton farmers are losing money due to secondary pests. After seven years, populations of other insects such as mi rids, have increased so much that farmers are now having to spray their crops up to 20 times per season to control them, according to the study of 481 Chinese farmers in five major cotton producing provinces.
This cotton seed does not show any resistance against virus attacks and needs 8 months to give yield thus no other crop can be cultivated on that land. This seed of cotton needs more water. Therefore, Pakistan has asked Monsanto to provide seeds which consume less water as Pakistan is moving towards the abyss of water shortage. It is a notorious organization that took the farmers to courts many times as it did not give ownership right to farmers to preserve seed. Even the seed of harvested crop cannot be used again for cultivation. Monopoly of Monsanto is clear when it is selling seed at RS 1700 per kg to Pakistan and RS 700 per kg to India. Glaringly, the Indian ministry of health asking to ban B.T cotton seed whereas in Kerala & Orrisa it is already banned. Not to ignore the gloomy side of this organization is that in the Vietnam where it provided “Agent Orange” dioxin bomb to U.S that is responsible for sever skin and genetic diseases.
Non-comprehensice Policies Of Pakistan:18 billion in budget was allocated for agricultural sector of Pakistan but the withdrawal of subsidy on pesticides and electricity on the conditions of IMF has done serious damage to this sector. Whereas America and European Union are giving a huge amount of subsidy to their farmers and that is a greatest hurdle in the implementation of W.T.O rules. Additionally, price policy is very weak. In Punjab sugar cane is sold 200 Rs. per 40 kilograms. It was purchased and later on stocked by Industrialist in their stores. When Brazil bought sugarcane from International Market and prices become high, the Pakistan sugar mills owners projected demand of selling sugar at high prices, thus Pakistan faced sugar crisis. Then Pakistan had to import Sugar at high prices therefore, the prices of sugar went high in local markets.
Solutions For Agricultural Problems In Pakistan:

1. Feudalism should be abolished and lands should be allotted to poor farmers. This will enhance the productivity and per acre yield of all the crops in Pakistan. Taxes should be levied on Agricultural income but not without devising limit of land holding. Other wise it would directly effect poor farmers.
2. Federal Seed Certification and Federal Seed Registration is approved but it should taken responsible steps in approving seeds as it has already approved 36 new kinds of seeds. Specially, those seeds should be banned which can create pest problem in near future. These seeds are of cotton mainly. International seed makers are providing those seeds which are not successful in our country as these seeds are not tested on our soil.
3. A new Agricultural policy must be framed in which following steps should be focussed on.
   -    Small farmer must be focused. The major problems of small farmers should be solved first.
   -   Consumer friendly policy must be projected. 
   -   Productivity enhancement programme must be constituted to adjust and support prices.
   -    Different Agricultural zones should be introduced. As Multan in famous for its Mangoes and citrus fruits so it must be made Mango, citrus zone by which Perishable products should be exported. This would enhance agro based industry and increase foreign reserves. Pakistan Agricultural storage & Services Corporation needs to take steps in this regard.
   -    Corporate farming like giving lands to Mitehels, Nestle and Multinational companies is also a good idea that will also help those who own a large area of fertile land but can’t manage it.
   -    Surplus vegetables and fruits must be exported. A Rs 39 million scheme has been approved for the current fiscal year for establishment of agro export processing zone for fruits, vegetables and flowers. This will also help in commercializing agriculture
   -    Latest mechinery should be provided to the farmers to increase the per acre yield. This provision should be on easy installments so that the farmers can avoid the burden of loans. If possible subsidy should be given by the government of modern machinery.-    Modern techniques of irrigation can solve the problems of irrigation in Pakistan. This includes drip irrigation and sprinkle irrigation methods. By using this technique the farmers can save a huge some of money which he pays for irrigation through tubewells and tracktors.

   -     More dams should be constructed on Indus, Jehlum and Chenab rivers. This will enhance the storage capacity of water and reduce the per acre cost of all the crops. This step will also reduce the salinity chances of the lands as less tubewell water will be flooded to the lands which cause salinity..

Longest Or Largest Cave: Top Ten Longest Caves Of The World

A cave is deep space in the earth or water where a human being can enter for exploration. The cave may vary according to its size and formation. Speleology is the science of caves exploration and caves studying. Here is the list of top ten 10 world’s biggest caves with their features and length. (more…)

Tsunami Death: Most Deaths Toll Due To Tsunami In The World

Tsunami is a japanese word which means “Ocean Waves”. Tsunami is a body of larger water waves which accumulate immense amount of water and energy. It can cause devastation on a large scale. When a big mass of water is displaced in the ocean due to some reasons, it creates tsunami. The common occurance of Tsunami is in the island of Japan. The worst tsunami came in 2004 in Indonesia and some of its nearby countries which caused heavy devastation and killed thousands of people. Here is the list of top ten countries with most deaths due to Tsunami. (more…)

Most Or Highest Runs Scored By A Batsman ODI Cricket Match

In cricket a lots of records are made and broken up. Recently, Sachin Tendulkar of India became the first batsman in the world who scored a double century in any One Day International match against South Africa. He broke the record of 194 scored earlier by Saeed Anwar of Pakistan against India and CK Coventry of Zimbabwe against Bangladesh. This was an outstanding inning by an Indian batsman who scored most runs in an ODI and became the first in the world who scored 200 runs in an ODI. This inning of Sachin Tendulkar will be remembered by all cricket lovers for a long time. (more…)